
HGK is the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4(MAP4K4) and a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. HGK has been shown to specifically activate MAPK8/JNK . The activation of MAPK8 by HGK can be inhibited by dominant-negative mutants of MAP3K7/TAK1, MAP2K4/MKK4, and MAP2K7/MKK7, which suggest that this kinase functions through the MAP3K7-MAP2K4-MAP2K7 kinase cascade and mediates TNF-a signaling. HGK-dependent signaling inhibits PPAR?-responsive gene expression, adipogenesis, and insulin-stimulated glucose transport .

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